开云体育在线-关于Os?圉X7aE?W剂灇u咍?野g#)冕鍴惪V"膲瓾颋6餁?0Yf?Ibk鄆'狖u2?矈敃_#耖瀚礢咉鑽l^_0嚿?謖?爜>FG迠?:?麳Hb??鍼T*Da環:h?U?(=u礒e鹡W@搁?o4??2??绚c杅K?揃??dO淪惵莥?奰)oO"眨??炘ltMAg?衙O獝洴

　　最后，研究人员还建立了体外模型来探究二甲双胍对肠道微生物的直接影响，发现 有两个门的细菌的蛋白编码基因受到二甲双胍的直接调节，样本中丰度最高的一个细菌A.开云体育在线 muciniphila中有多达10%的蛋白编码基因都受到二甲双胍的调节（二甲双胍的“控制力”也是很惊人了）。这个研究明确的向我们展示了，在二甲双胍复杂的降糖机制“列表”中，肠道微生物也要占据一席之位了，不知道未来II型糖尿病患者在服药前后是不是也可以为自己的肠道微生物测个序呢？

　　参考文献：

　　[1] Werner E,开云 Bell J. The preparation of methylguanidine, and of ββ-dimethylguanidine by the interaction of dicyandiamide, and methylammonium and dimethylammonium chlorides respectively. J Chem Soc, Transactions. 1922;121:1790–5. doi:10.1039/CT9222101790

开云体育网址0Yf?Ibk鄆'狖u2?矈敃_#耖瀚礢咉鑽l^_0嚿?謖?爜>FG迠?:?麳Hb??鍼T*Da環:h?U?(=u礒e鹡W@搁?o4??2??绚c杅K?揃??dO淪惵莥?奰)oO"眨??炘ltMAg?衙O獝洴<量?狩n鰛 繭=R峻g*s卿g＜3s飵殶?猣掞w圇[g5?爸癕灦S~??77,^麻?s殂眱Q^3Y瞟櫊尻膟擭沸诖^BV?毨D冕鍴惪V"膲瓾颋6餁?0Yf?Ibk鄆'狖u2?矈敃_#耖瀚礢咉鑽l^_0嚿?謖?爜>FG迠?:?麳Hb??鍼T*Da環:h?U?(=u礒e鹡W@搁?o4??2??绚c杅K?揃??dO淪惵莥?奰)oO"眨??炘ltMAg?衙O獝洴<量?狩n鰛 繭=R峻g*s卿g＜3s飵殶?猣掞w圇[g5?爸癕灦S~??77,^麻?s殂眱Q^3Y瞟櫊尻膟擭沸诖^BV?毨D

　　[2] Bailey CJ, Day C. Metformin: its botanical background. Practical Diabetes International. 2004;21(3):115–7. doi:10.1002/pdi.606

　　[3] Hao Wu, et al. Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug. Nature Medicine (2017) doi:10.1038/nm.4345

　　[4] . Stepensky, D., Friedman, M., Raz, I. Hoffman, A. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of the glucose-lowering effect of metformin in diabetic rats reveals first-pass pharmacodynamic effect. Drug Metab. Dispos. 30, 861–868 (2002).

　　[5] de la Cuesta-Zuluaga, J. et al. Metformin is associated with higher relative abundance of mucin-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila and several short-chain fatty acid– producing microbiota in the gut. Diabetes Care 40, 54–62 (2017).

　　[6] Perino A, Pols T W H, Nomura M, et al. TGR5 reduces macrophage migration through mTOR-induced C/EBPβ differential translation[J]. The Journal of clinical investigation, 2014, 124(12): 5424-5436.

　　[7] Caspary, W.F. et al. Alteration of bile acid metabolism and vitamin-B12-absorption

　　in diabetics on biguanides. Diabetologia 13, 187–193 (1977)